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Please read the Introductory Notes to this commentary.
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The Center for Messianic Learning Unashamedly Pro-Israel Irrevocably Zionist |
ב״ה |
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“… out of Tziyon will go forth Torah,
the word of ADONAI from Yerushalayim.” (Isaiah 2:3) |
The summary of the entire Torah is as simple as this:
Love what HaShem loves; hate what HaShem hates. All else is commentary.
וַיִּקְרָא • V'yikra
(“And He Called”)
The Third Book of Moses,
Commonly Called
Leviticus
Parashah 24: Vayikra
“And He Called” (continued)
iv. The Sin Offering (4:1–5:13)
(v) 1 Then Yehovah said to Moshe, 2 “Tell the children of Isra'el, ‘When anyone sins unintentionally against any of Yehovah’s mitzvotmitzvot and does anything forbidden by them, 3 if the anointed cohenpriest sins so as to bring guilt upon the people, then he must bring to Yehovah a young bull without defect as a sin offering for the sin he has committed. 4 He must bring the bull to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting before Yehovah, lay his hand on the bull’s head, and slaughter it before Yehovah. 5 Then the anointed cohen is to take some of the bull’s blood and bring it into the Tent of Meeting. 6 The cohen is to dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle some of it seven times before Yehovah, in front of the veil of the sanctuary. 7 The cohen shall apply some of the blood to the horns of the altar of sweet incense that is before Yehovah in the Tent of Meeting. He is to pour out the rest of the bull’s blood at the base of the altar of elevation-offering at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. 8 He is to remove all the fat from the bull of the sin offering: the fat that covers the entrails, all the fat that is on them, 9 both kidneys along with the fat that is on them near the loins, and the lobe of the liver, which he is to remove with with the kidneys, 10 just as it is removed from the ox[10] of the peace offering. The cohen is to burn them on the altar of elevation-offering. 11 Then he must take the bull’s hide and all its meat, with its head, legs, entrails, and dung — 12 all the rest of the bull — outside of the camp to a [ceremonially] clean place, where the ashes are poured out, and he must burn it on a wood fire on the ash heap.
13 “‘Now if the whole congregation of Isra'el sins unintentionally and the matter escapes the notice of the assembly, so that they violate any Yehovah’s mitzvot, and incur guilt by what they have done; 14 when they become aware of the sin they have committed, then the assembly must bring a young bull as a sin offering and present it before the Tent of Meeting. 15 The elders of the congregation are to lay their hands on the bull’s head before Yehovah, and it is to be slaughtered before Yehovah. 16 Then the anointed cohen is to bring some of the bull’s blood into the Tent of Meeting, 17 and he is to dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle it seven times before Yehovah in front of the veil. 18 He is also to apply some of the blood to the horns of the altar that is before Yehovah in the Tent of Meeting. He must pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar of elevation-offering at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. 19 He is to remove all its fat and burn it on the altar. 20 He is to offer this bull the same as he did with the bull of the sin offering. This way the cohen will make atonement for them, and they will be forgiven. 21 Then he is to take the bull outside the camp and burn it just as he burned the first bull. It is the sin offering for the assembly.
22 “‘When a leader sins unintentionally and does one of the things which Yehovah his God has forbidden and becomes guilty, 23 when he realized that he has sinned, he is to bring as his offering a male goat without defect. 24 He is to lay his hand on the goat’s head and slaughter it in the place before Yehovah where they slaughter the elevation-offering. It is a sin offering. 25 The cohen is to take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, apply it the horns of the altar of elevation-offering, and pour out the rest of its blood at the base of the altar of elevation-offering. 26 He must burn all its fat on the altar, like the fat of the peace offering; thus the cohen will make atonement for that man’s sin and he will be forgiven.
(vi) 27 “‘If one of the common people[27] sins unintentionally and does what is forbidden by any of Yehovah’s mitzvot, he incurs guilt. 28 When he becomes aware of the sin he has committed, then he is to bring for his offering a female goat, without defect, for that sin. 29 He is to lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and slaughter it at the place of the elevation-offering. 30 The cohen is to take some of its blood with his finger, and apply it to the horns of the altar of elevation-offering; then he is to pour out the rest of its blood at the base of the altar. 31 The cohen is then to remove all its fat, just like the fat is removed from the sacrifice of the peace offering, and burn it on the altar for a pleasant aroma to Yehovah. Thus the cohen will make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven.
32 “‘If he brings a lamb as his offering for a sin offering, he is to offer a female without defect. 33 He is to lay his hand on the head of the sin offering and slaughter it[33] for a sin offering in the place where they kill the elevation-offering. 34 The cohen is to take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of elevation-offering; all the rest of its blood he is to pour out at the base of the altar. 35 He is to remove all its fat just like it is removed from peace offering. The cohen is then to burn it on the as a pleasing aroma to Yehovah. In this way the cohen will make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven.
10. Lev. 3:1 regarding the peace offering does not specify an ox, it simply says “an animal from the herd.” [BACK]
27. Common people: Hebrew הָאָ֑רֶץ (hā·’ā·reṣ) מֵעַ֣ם (mê·‘am), people of the earth or land. [BACK]
33. Note that in each case it is the sinner who must personally slaughter the innocent, spotless animal. If that makes us uncomfortable, it does so on purpose. When we sin, we are as responsible for the death of the innocent sacrifice as if we had slaughtered it ourself. Messiah was slaughtered for your sin and for mine. The Levitical sacrifices were bloody because sin is bloody in the eyes of our Holy God. He doesn’t wants us to forget that, so we are discouraged from violating His mitzvot. [BACK]
Other commentaries on Leviticus 4
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
Pulpit Commentary
Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary
Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible
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