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Please read the Introductory Notes to this commentary.
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ב״ה |
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“… out of Tziyon will go forth Torah,
the word of ADONAI from Yerushalayim.” (Isaiah 2:3) |
The summary of the entire Torah is as simple as this:
Love what HaShem loves; hate what HaShem hates. All else is commentary.
וַיִּקְרָא • V'yikra
(“And He Called”)
The Third Book of Moses,
Commonly Called
Leviticus
4. The Day of Atonement (16:1–17:16)
a. Purification of the Priesthood (16:1–15)
(i) 1 Yehovah spoke to Moshe after the death of the two sons of Aharon, when they came near before Yehovah, and died; 2 and Yehovah said to Moshe, “Tell Aharon your brother not to come at just any time into the Most Holy Place within the veil, before the mercy seat which is on the ark; lest he die; for I will appear in the cloud on the mercy seat.
3 “Aharon shall come into the sanctuary with a young bull for a sin offering, and a ram for a elevation-offering. 4 He shall put on the holy linen tunic. He shall have the linen trousers on his body, and shall put on the linen sash, and he shall be clothed with the linen turban. They are the holy garments. He shall bathe his body in water, and put them on. 5 He shall take from the congregation of the children of Isra'el two male goats for a sin offering, and one ram for a elevation-offering.
6 “Aharon shall offer the bull of the sin offering, which is for himself, and make atonement for himself and for his house. 7 He shall take the two goats, and set them before Yehovah at the door of the Tent of Meeting. 8 Aharon shall cast lots for the two goats: one lot for Yehovah, and the other lot for the scapegoat. 9 Aharon shall present the goat on which the lot fell for Yehovah, and offer him for a sin offering. 10 But the goat on which the lot fell for the scapegoat shall be presented alive before Yehovah, to make atonement for him, to send him away as the scapegoat into the wilderness.
11 “Aharon shall present the bull of the sin offering, which is for himself, and shall make atonement for himself and for his house, and shall kill the bull of the sin offering which is for himself. 12 He shall take a censer full of coals of fire from off the altar before Yehovah, and two handfuls of sweet incense beaten small, and bring it within the veil. 13 He shall put the incense on the fire before Yehovah, that the cloud of the incense may cover the mercy seat that is on the covenant, so that he will not die. 14 He shall take some of the blood of the bull, and splash it with his finger on the mercy seat on the east; and before the mercy seat he shall splash some of the blood with his finger seven times.
15 “Then he shall kill the goat of the sin offering that is for the people, and bring his blood within the veil, and do with his blood as he did with the blood of the bull, and splash it on the mercy seat and before the mercy seat.
b. Purification of the Tabernacle (16:16–19)
16 “‘He shall make atonement for the Holy Place, because of the uncleanness of the children of Isra'el, and because of their transgressions, even all their sins; and so he shall do for the Tent of Meeting that dwells with them in the middle of their uncleanness. 17 No one shall be in the Tent of Meeting when he enters to make atonement in the Holy Place, until he comes out, and has made atonement for himself and for his household, and for all the assembly of Isra'el.
[LY: TO PARASHAH TOP]
[RY: TO PARASHAH TOP]
(LY: ii) 18 “He shall go out to the altar that is before Yehovah and make atonement for it, and shall take some of the bull’s blood, and some of the goat’s blood, and put it around on the horns of the altar. 19 He shall splash some of the blood on it with his finger seven times, and cleanse it, and make it holy from the uncleanness of the children of Isra'el.
c. Purification of the Nation (16:20–28)
20 “When he has finished atoning for the Holy Place, the Tent of Meeting, and the altar, he shall present the live goat. 21 Aharon shall lay both his hands on the head of the live goat, and confess over him all the iniquities of the children of Isra'el, and all their transgressions, even all their sins; and he shall put them on the head of the goat, and shall send him away into the wilderness by the hand of a man who is ready. 22 The goat shall carry all their iniquities on himself to a solitary land, and he shall release the goat in the wilderness.
23 “Aharon shall come into the Tent of Meeting, and shall take off the linen garments which he put on when he went into the Holy Place, and shall leave them there. 24 Then he shall bathe himself in water in a holy place, put on his garments, and come out and offer his elevation-offering and the elevation-offering of the people, and make atonement for himself and for the people.
(RY: ii, LY: iii) 25 The fat of the sin offering he shall burn on the altar.
26 “He who lets the goat go as the scapegoat shall wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward he shall come into the camp. 27 The bull for the sin offering, and the goat for the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the Holy Place, shall be carried outside the camp; and they shall burn their skins, their flesh, and their dung with fire. 28 He who burns them shall wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward he shall come into the camp.
d. Laws for Annual Day of Atonement (16:29–34)
29 “It shall be a statute to you forever: in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall afflict your souls, and shall do no kind of work, whether native-born or a stranger who lives as a foreigner among you; 30 for on this day shall atonement be made for you, to cleanse you. You shall be clean from all your sins before Yehovah. 31 It is a Sabbath of solemn rest to you, and you shall afflict your souls. It is a statute forever. 32 The cohen, who is anointed and who is consecrated to be cohen in his father’s place, shall make the atonement, and shall put on the linen garments, even the holy garments. 33 Then he shall make atonement for the Holy Sanctuary; and he shall make atonement for the Tent of Meeting and for the altar; and he shall make atonement for the cohenim and for all the people of the assembly.
34 “This shall be an everlasting statute for you, to make atonement for the children of Isra'el once in the year because of all their sins.”
It was done as Yehovah commanded Moshe.
Other commentaries on Leviticus 16
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
Pulpit Commentary
Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary
Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible
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