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A Glossary of
Unfamiliar Terms
Compiled from numerous source documents
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B B
B.C.
Before Christ
B.C.E.
Before the Common Era (same as B.C. but less offensive to
non-Messianic Jewish people)
b’avon
in sin
b’derech
hatevah naturally
B’dikat
Chametz the formal search for leaven before Passover.
b’nei
sons
b’rakhah hkrb
In Judaism, a b'rakhah (Hebrew ברכה; plural b'rakhot; related to the word baruch) is a blessing, usually recited at a specific moment during a ceremony or
while performing a particular activity.
“After instructing the crowds to sit down on the grass,
He took the five loaves and the two fishes and, looking up toward heaven, made a blessing [b'rakhah]” (Matthew 14:19,
Jewish New Testament).
“When He had said this, He took bread, said the blessing [b'rakhah] to God in front of everyone, broke it and began to eat” (Acts 27:35,
Jewish New Testament).
In the Scriptures when someone makes a b'rakhah, or says a blessing,
although the text does not say so specifically, it is reasonable to suppose that he/she recited the customary b'rakhah (“benediction”)
for that particulary activity, which Jews have said for more than two thousand years.
Translations of b'rakhah in the NAS:
- blessing
- (source of) blessing
- blessing, prosperity
- blessing, praise of God
- a gift, present
- treaty of peace
b’ris (alt. b’ris, beris,
bris, brit) literally, covenant or contract; refers to the covenant between God
and Avraham and his descendants (pl. beritot)
b’ris
milah (alt. b’rit, bris, brit) circumcision; frequently just b'ris
or bris
b’rit (alt. b’ris, beris, bris, brit) literally, covenant
or contract; refers to the covenant between God
and Avraham and his descendants (pl. beritot)
b’rit
milah (alt. b’rit, bris, brit) circumcision; frequently just b'ris
or bris
B’rit Hadashah Renewed Covenant
(the Apostolic Writings, or so-called “New Testament”)
b’seder
in order
b’seter in secret
b’shem hazeh in this name
b’yirah
(alt. byirah) with fear
b’yom
(alt. byom) at day
ba’al
husband, master,
owner
Ba’al (lit. master) Name of a number of pagan
“deities” worshipped by the Syrians, Persians, and Canaanites, said
to be the son of Dagon, who was also the “fish god” of Nineva. There
are a number of pagan deities with the word “Ba’al” as part of their
name; most notible are the prophets of Ba’al whom Elijah battled in
1 Kings 18 and Baal-zebub in
2 Kings 1 (translated as “Beelzebul” or “lord of the flies” in
Matthew 10:25). [For a non-Bilblical discussion, see
this article.]
ba'al
ga'avah haughty; proud person
ba'al habayis
(...of the house) host
Ba'al
HaKerem Owner of the Vineyard
ba'al koreh
(...who reads) Torah reader
ba’al
melitzot rhetorician; fine talker
Ba'al Shem Tov Rabbi
Yisroel Ba’al Shem Tov; born 18 Elul, 1698 in Okop, Ukraine; died 6
Sivan, 1760; Rebbe in Mezhibuzh; founder of the modern
Chassidic movement; main disciples
Maggid of Mezritch & R’ Ya'akov Yosef of Polonnoye
ba’al simcha
(... of happiness) the celebrant,
esp. the bar or bat mitzvah
Ba'al Teshuva Literally “Master of Repentance.” Used for someone that is
newly observant.
ba'al toke'a
(master of the sound) shofar blower
ba'al
tzavva’a testator; person who makes the will
ba'alabusta
(Yid.) hostess; friendly woman
ba’alim
husbands
Baal
HaKerem Owner of the Vineyard
baalei
hamum the maimed
baalei-batim laymen [lit. householders]
babushka
kerchief worn as headcovering
bachor
first-born male child
badchan
humorist
badeken
traditional formal veiling of the bride by the groom before the
wedding ceremony
baderech
on the road
baheyma
domesticated beast; “Animal!”
bahlt
soon
bailus
sovereignty; ownership; dominion
bais
house
baitel
wallet
bakkashot petitions
bakosha
petition; request
balailah
hazeh during this night
baleidikung insult
Bamah
an improvised altar, outside the Sanctuary (pl. Bamot)
bamidbar
in the wilderness
Bamidbar
Numbers (4th book of Torah)
banim
children
bannai
chacham wise builder
bar
(Ar.) son
Bar
Kokhba (alt. Kochba) Leader of a Jewish revolt (132-135) against
Hadrian
bar mitzvah lit. “son of
the commandment” or “son of the law” … i.e. has reached his
majority; his legal age. Ceremony marking a youngster’s reaching the
age of religious majority, traditionally thirteen for boys and
twelve for girls; in many congregations, thirteen for girls as well.
See bat mitzvah
barad
hail
barah
created
baraita’
(Ar.) a statement of law, historical, or aggadic tradition which
is attributed to the tannaitic period but which is not contained in
the Mishnah
barchu
call upon the congregation to bless
(praise) God
barech
grace … the part of the Seder when the grace after the meal is
recited
barei
lev pure in heart
bari
vshalem safe and sound
bariim
healthy ones
baruch
bless, blessed, blessed is
Baruch
Dayan Ha’emet a blessing of acceptance of God’s
judgments
baruch
habah welcome
Baruch
habah bashem Adonai Blessed is he who comes in the name of the
LORD
Baruch
Hu Uvaruch Shemo a phrase of blessing of God’s Name
upon hearing it uttered
bas haya`anahostrich
basar
body; flesh; fallen human nature
Basar
to announce (glad news); messenger, preach, publish, show forth,
(bear, bring, carry, preach, good, tell good) tidings … Good news
(same as gospel)
basar
echad one flesh
basherte
his destined mate
baShomayim heavenly bodies
bas mitzvahbat mitzvah
bat
daughter
bat mitzvah lit.
“daughter of the law” or “daughter of the commandment” … i.e. has
reached her majority; her legal age. Ceremony marking a youngster’s
reaching the age of religious majority, traditionally thirteen for
boys and twelve for girls; in many congregations, thirteen for girls
as well. See bar
mitzvah
bat kol
a voice from heaven; an “echo” of a Divine Voice
batim
households
batlanim
male householders who had leisure to give themselves to regular
attendance
batlanim
unemployed or lazy loafers; idlers
bavorn
anticipates
bavust
famous
Bayit
House
bazunder
unrelated and separate
b'dikat chametz
the ceremonial, pre-Pesach search for chametz
becher
(Yid.) wine goblet
bedecken
the veiling of the bride
be’einei
Hashem in the eyes of God
be’ichud
united
be’ikvot
in the footsteps
be’ito
“in its season” [Tehillim 1:3]
bechi
weeping
bechirah
divine election; selection; choosing
Bechirim
Chosen Ones
Bechor
Firstborn
bechorah
inheritance
bedavka
deliberately
bederech
klal usually
bedieved
begrudgingly
bedievedike expedient
bedikah
examination
Bedikat
Chametz Search for leaven before Passover … casting out the leaven
beemes
in truth
beerech
approximately; dacht zich
beetzem
intrinsically
befeirush explicitly
begadim
clothes
Beha’alotcha a portion in the Book of Numbers
behechrach necessarily
Bein
Hametzarim the period between the Seventeenth of Tammuz and the
Ninth of Av, “Between the Fences”
beinoni
of median piety (pl. Beinonim)
beit
(alt. beyt, bet, beth) the second letter of the Hebrew alef-beit
(alphabet)
beit
(alt. bet, beth, beyt, bayt, bayit) house
Beit Din (pl. Battei Din)“House of Judgment [Law].” Jewish
court employing religious and Talmudic law … Rabbinical court. The
Beit Din was composed of a minimum of three rabbis to ensure that
their rulings never resulted in a “split decision.” When the
Messianic Shliachim appointed elders in all the new Messianic
congregations, these elders served as the Beit Din for those
congregations, thus the importance of multiple elders in today’s
Messianic congregations. (See
Wikipedia)
Beit
HaMikdash House of Sanctity; synagogue. The sanctuary or Temple in
Jerusalem.
Beit
haShoevah The House of the Waterpouring
beit
hasohar prison
beit
kevarot cemetery
Beit
Lechem lit. House of bread; Bethlehem; Birthplace of Yeshua and
King David.
beit
midrash houses of study (pl. batey midrashot)
bekavod
suitable
bekeshe
kaftan
bekitzur
briefly; concisely
bekvius
regularly
beleidikt offended
bema
(alt. bemah, bema, bemah) The
raised central platform (lectern) in the synagogue from which the
Torah is read and from which worship services are usually conducted.
The platform is called tevah in Sephardic synagogues. On
Succot, it is circled by the community,
while holding their lulav. This inevitably
results in major “traffic jams” in synagogues.
ben
son
ben Adam
human being (lit. son of Adam)
ben
chayil son of worthiness
ben
chorin freeman
Ben
HaAdam Mashiach (The Son of Man) [Daniel 7:13-14]
ben
hanaggar the carpenter’s son
ben
torah scholar
ben
yachid only son
beni
my son
beni
haahuv beloved son
benoigeia regarding
bentsh
custom of saying grace after meals
berachah
brachah
Berachot
Hashachar the blessings of awakening recited each morning
Beraichot a section of Talmudic commentary on benedictions.
bereshis
in the beginning
beriah
creation
berishonah in the first place
berit
(alt. b’ris, beris, bris, brit) literally, covenant; refers to the covenant between God
and Avraham and his descendants (pl. beritot)
berit milah(alt. b’ris, bris) the rite of circumcision, often referred to simply as b’ris
beriyah
creature
beseder
in order
besere
better
Beshalach a portion in the Book of Exodus
beshita
as a matter of conviction or principle
beshum
oifen absolutely
besod
in secret
Besuras
HaGeulah the Good News of Redemption
Besuroh
Tovoh Good Tidings of a Joyous Event
bet
(alt. beyt, beit, beth) the second letter of the Hebrew alef-bet
(alphabet)
bet
(alt. beit, beth, beyt, bayt, bayit) house
bet din
(alt. beit din) court of law
Bet
HaKnesset House of Assembly; shul; synagogue; shtibel
betulim
virginity
betulot
virgins
betzah
(alt. beytzah) egg, the symbolic hard-boiled and roasted egg on the
seder plate; also called Chaggegah or Haggigah; a symbol for the
second sacrifice of Passover
betzi’at
halechem breaking of bread; meal
beyt
(alt. beit, bet, beth) the second letter of the Hebrew alef-beyt
(alphabet)
beyt
(alt. bet, beit, beth, beyt, bayt, bayit) house
beytzah
(alt. betzah) egg
bi’ur
ma’asrot the disposal of tithes
Bias
HaMashiach Coming of Mashiach; Parousia
bibrit
hanissuim in covenant of marriage
bichlal
entirely
bifraht
particularly
bikkur
examining or investigating
bikkur
cholim (alt. holim) visiting the sick; a pious duty, carried out
in the past by Chevra Kadisha
bikkurim
(alt. bikurim) The offering of the first fruit; barley harvest;
first fruit
bikoret
beshbonot audit
bimesibba reclining at tish
binah
understanding
binnuy
construction
Binyamin
(Benjamin) One of Jacob’s (Ya’akov) 12 sons. One of the 12 Tribes
of Israel descended from Ya’akov’s son. The Name means “son of the
right hand”
binyan
building
biradah
trembling
birkat
(alt. berachah) blessing
Birkat
HaChodesh the blessing of the New Moon
Birkat
haMazon benediction over food; grace after meals
Birkat
HaMinim (Hebrew ברכת המינים “Blessing on
the heretics”) 90 C.E. decree; a Jewish prayer of “blessing” on
heretics in general, and sometimes Christians, though in this
context "blessing" may also be a euphemism for a curse. The blessing
is the 12th of the
Eighteen Benedictions or
Amidah. The writing of the benediction is attributed to
Shmuel ha-Katan at the supposed
Council of Jamnia which was inserted in the “Eighteen
Benedictions” as the 19th blessing in the silent prayer to be said
thrice daily, the
Amidah.
The benediction is thus seen as related to the
Pharisees, the
Development of the Hebrew Bible canon, the
split of early Christianity and Judaism as
heresy in Judaism, the
origins of Rabbinic Judaism,
Origins of Christianity,
Christianity in the 1st century, and
history of early Christianity.
bishmi
in my name
bitachon
confident trust
biti
my daughter
bitul
Torah the neglect of the study of the Torah
bizyoinos humiliation
blailah
at night
bnei
sons (sg. ben)
bnei
basar carnally-minded believers
Bnei
Chorin Sons of Freedom; Freedmen
bnei
ha-chuppah wedding invitees
Bnei
HaKhofshiyah Sons of Lady Freedom; the Free Woman
Bo a
portion in the Book of Exodus
bo’u
u’re’u come and see
bocher;
bochur bachelor; young man
Boethuseans A religious party of the first century composed of
wealthy and influential members of the priesthood, similar in
doctrine with the Sadducees
boged
traitor; betrayer
bogedim
betrayers
boh
come
boker
morning
boneh
builder
Boneh
Yerushalayim the blessing over the rebuilding of Jerusalem
Booths,
Feast of In Hebrew, Succoth, the
fifteenth day of the seventh month of the Jewish calendar; a
seven-day holiday when Israel was to dwell in booths to commemorate
the wilderness wanderings.
Bore
Nefashot a short blessing after the eating of food that does not
require Birkat Hamazon
Bore
Peri Ha’etz the blessing over fruit of the tree
borur
obvious
brachah
hkrb (alt. brakah,
berachah) blessing … a prayer of thanksgiving that always begins,
“Baruch etah, Adonai Elohaynu, Melech HaOlam” (“Blessed are
You, O Lord, our God, King of the Universe.”) Literally, “a blessing” or
“benediction.” Also:
- blessing
- (source of) blessing
- blessing, prosperity
- blessing, praise of God
- a gift, present
- treaty of peace
(pl. berachot; brachot, birchot)
Breath
of Every Living Thing, The The closing hymn of the Passover seder.
bren
enthusiasm; fervor; hitlahavut
Bri’at
HaOlam the creation of the world
bria
chadasha a new being
briah
creation
bris
milah (alt. b'ris, b'rit, brit) the rite of circumcision
brit
(alt. b'ris) covenant
bubbemeises (Yid.) old wives tales
bukki
expert; meivin
bushah
shame
buttel
cancelled out
byirah
(alt. b’yirah) with fear
byom
(alt. b’yom) at day
Use this “Jump Bar” to directly to any letter of the AlephBet
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Appendix
Liturgy & Worship
Pronunciation
[More]
Page last updated on
Monday, 12 June 2023 11:41 AM
(Updates are generally minor formatting or editorial changes.
Major content changes are identified as "Revisions”)
