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A Glossary of
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Abbreviations Used In This Glossary |
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abbr. = abbreviated alt. = alternate Ar. = Aramaic esp. = especially |
Gr. = Greek Heb. = Hebrew lit. = literally n. = noun |
pl. = plural pron. = pronounced prop. = properly sg. = singular |
usu. = usually v. = verb Yid. = Yiddish |
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Transliteration/Pronunciation Guide •
Books of the Bible Proper Names • Tribes of Israel • The Mishnah |
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For more
Hebrew words and phrases, you might |
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U
- ugeret
- easily seen; evident
- Unleavened Bread, Feast of
- The second of the seven Feasts of ADONAI, which begins on the
fifteenth of Nisan, directly after the
Passover, and continues for seven days; a time when no
leaven is to be eaten; also sometimes included in the festival
of Passover, whereby the two are designated as one holiday or
festival lasting eight days. Also
Hag haMatzah
- Untaneh Tokef
- a passage describing Heavenly Judgment added to prayer on
Rosh haShanah and
Yom Kippur.
- Ur
- An ancient Sumerian city and district in southern Babylonia
by the Euphrates River; the home of Avraham.
- Ur’chatz
- “celebrant washes,” one of the fifteen phases of the Seder
ceremony (see
Rachatzah)
- Ushpizin
- the Seven Shepherds of Israel who “visit” every Jew’s
Sukah on the Feast of Tabernacles.
- Uva Letzion
- a prayer composed of a selection of Scriptural verses
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V w
- Va’era
- the second portion in the Book of Exodus
- Va’etchanan
- the second portion in the Book of Deuteronomy
- Vav
- the sixth letter in the Hebrew alphabet
- Vayechal
- a paragraph from Exodus chapter 32 and 34 read on a public
fast
- Vayelech
- a portion in the Book of Deuteronomy
- Vayechi
- the last portion in the Book of Genesis
- Vayiqra
- (alt. Wayiqra) Leviticus
- Ve’ahavta
- lit. “and you shall love” … the prayer from
Deuteronomy
6:5-9, that obligates Jews to love God and to teach Judaism to
future generations; part of the
Shema
- Velamalshinim
- a passage relating to slanderers and informers, prescribed
as a nineteenth
brachah
(blessing) added to the eighteen benedictions of the
amidah prayer
- Vezot Habrachah
- the last portion in the Torah
- vidui
- confession
- Vilna Gaon
- One of the most prominent figures in the Torah world of
recent centuries, his erudition covering (in addition to the
natural sciences and mathematics) the entire field of Torah
scholarship, on which he wrote some 70 works. Despite his
extreme seclusion — his ascetic assiduity has become proverbial
— he exerted a powerful influence on Jewish affairs. Since his
time, the Yiddish term Litvak (“Lithuanian”) has come to stand
for a scholarly and hard-core misnaged espousing the closely
definable world-view whose prime ideologist and ideal
personality is the Gaon.
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W w
- Wayiqra
- (alt. Vayiqra) Leviticus
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Y y
- Y'hudi
- (alt. Yehudi; pl. Y'hudim or Yehudim) Jew
- Ya’aleh Veyavo
- a passage added to the amidah prayer and to the Grace after
the Meal on Festivals and New Moons when additional sacrifices
were offered in the Sanctuary
- yachatz
- the breaking of the middle
matzah of the ceremonial matzot during a
Passover seder … one of the fifteen phases of the
Seder ceremony
- yachid dyxy
- one, an absolute oneness; only one, solitary, unique; contrast echad
- yad
- hand
- Yahadut
- Judaism
- Yahrzeit
- a day of memorial
- Yahshua or Yashua
- false forms of the Messiah’s name
Yeshua
- Yahweh
- the Tetragrammatron; the four Hebrew letters
hwhy (yod-heh-vav-heh) usually
transliterated YHWH or YHVH that form the proper Name of
HaShem (insofar as it can be said that HaShem has a proper
Name); incorrectly translated in many English Bibles as
“Jehovah” which is grammatically impossible to say in the Hebrew
language. As nearly as the word can be translated into English,
it means “I Am” … it was by this name that HaShem revealed
himself to Moshe in the burning bush.
Several times Yeshuah HaMashiach claimed to be “I AM” … thus either Yeshua is literally YHWH, the covenant God of Avraham, Yitz’chak, and Ya’akov, or He is a liar and a fraud.
- yaldah
- girl
- yam
- sea
- yamim
- days
- yamim mikedem
- earlier days
- Yamin Noraim
- (alt. Yamim) lit. Days of Awe; the ten-day period beginning with
Rosh haShanah and ending with
Yom Kippur
- yanshuf
- great owl
- yare’ach
- moon
- yarmulke
- Yid. for Hebrew
kippa or kipah, a skullcap worn by many
male Jews
during prayer; many observant male Jews wear the kippa all the
time, because we are encouraged to pray continually (Ps
72:15;
Ps 122:6;
Jer 29:7;
Eph 6:18;
1Th 5:17).It
also reminds us that Yeshua is our
kipporah
(covering).
- yashar
- (alt. yashir) straight
- yashar mishpat
- righteous judgment
- yashrus
- justice
- yatzdik
- justify
- yavam
- husband’s brother upon whom devolved the duty of marrying
the former’s widow if left without children … the brother-in-law
- Yavneh
- a city that became the location of an academy and a central
focus for the Jews once the Romans destroyed Jerusalem
- yayin
- wine
- ye’ush
- despair
- yebamah
- under Biblical laws, childless widow who was commanded to
marry late husband’s brother, so that a child might be named
after the departed
- yechidus
- private meeting of the Rebbe with his Chassidim
- yeled
- child
- yemach shemam
- their name should be blotted out
- yerida
- to descend back; return
- yerushah
- inheritance
- Yerushalayim
- Jerusalem. The city of our God, and eternal covenantal
capital of Eretz Yisra’el — the Land of Israel
- yeshanot
- old things
- yeshivah
- (pl. yeshivot) Torah academy
- Yeshua
- Literally means “God saves” or “YHWH is my salvation.”
Variants include Y’shua, Y’hoshua, and Y’hoshua. Because the
Greek language has no equivalent of the Hebrew letters “yod” or
“shin” and all masculine Greek names end in “s” the name was
transliterated into Greek as “Iesous” in both the Septuagint and
the Greek New Testament. When transliterated into English, the
iota (“I”) became a “J” resulting in the spelling “Jesus.” (Some
heretical forms of Messianic Judaism force the Master’s name
into the forms Yahshua or Yashua in order to falsely include
God’s name “Yah.”)
- yeshuah
- rescue; salvation; deliverance
- yesod
- (pl. yesodot) foundation or rudiments
- yetomim
- orphans
- yetzer
- impulse
- yetzer ha’ra
- impulse toward evil
- yetzer ha’tov
- impulse toward good
- yetzurim
- creatures
- yetzurim hayam
- creatures of the sea
- Yevani (pl. Yevanim)
- Greek
- yi’ud merosh
- predestination
- yichud
- time spent alone together by the bride and groom immediately
after the wedding ceremony … bridal chamber … room entered by
bride and groom where the two, in the consummation of the
marriage, become one
- yichus
- lineage
- Yiddish
- The language spoken by the
Ashkenazi (Jews of European ancestry); it is a dialect of
old German.
- Yir’as Shomayim
- Fear of Heaven
- yirah
- fear
- Yirmeyahu
- Jeremiah
- yisurim
- sufferings; torments
- Yitro
- the sixth portion in the Book of Exodus
- Yizkor
- (“May He remember”) Prayers for the departed, recited on
Yom Kippur,
Shemini Atzeret, last day of
Passover, second day of
Shavuot
- yod
- (alt. yud) tenth and smallest letter of the Hebrew aleph-bet
- yold
- fool
- yom
- day
- Yom Habikkurim
- The Day of
First Fruits, barley harvest, the day from which
we start counting the Omer 50 days to
Shavuot (Pentecost)
- Yom haDin
- Lit. Day of Judgment; one of the names for Rosh haShanah
- Yom haPeduth
- The Day of Redemption
- Yom haZikkaron
- Lit. The Day of Remembrance; one of the names for Rosh
haShanah
- Yom Kippur
- (alt. Kipur) The Day of Atonement; The Great Fast
- Yom Kippur Katan
- (alt. Kipur) the eve of a New Moon, a “little” Day of Atonement
- Yom Teruah
- (Rosh haShanah) The Day of the Awakening Blast; The Feast of Trumpets
- Yom Tov
- (pl. Yamim Tovim; lit. good day) a Festival Day, holiday
- yom yom
- daily;p day-by-day
- Yoma
- a tractate of the
Mishnah on
Yom Kippur
- yoma arichta
- one “long” day, two days considered as one
- yonah
- (pl. yonim) dove; Yonah was the prophet that God sent to Nineveh
- yoreh
- first Autumn rain
- yoreshim
- heirs
- yoshen
- oldness
- yosher
- rectitude
- Yotzer
- Creator
- Yotzer Ha’Adam
- Hebrew for “Creator of Man.” It is the 2nd of the 7
blessings that are recited at the end of a wedding feast (see
the Complete Art Scroll Siddur P.206)
- Yotzrot
- liturgical poems added to the shacharit prayer
- Yovel
- a Jubilee year at the end of a fifty year cycle
- yud
- (alt. yod) the 10th and smallest letter in the Hebrew alphabet
(aleph-bet).
- yunge leit
- (Yid.) young people
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